Critical Thinking 6

Spectacular Sunset. Have you wondered why the sun went down in the night ??
The sun always goes down in the night,"Analogizing"   why does the apple always fall
to the earth ??

34 - Bevel and Hypoid Gears

34-1 Introduction
34-2 Terminology
34-3 Gear Manufacturing
34-4 Gear Design Considerations
34-5 Gear-Tooth Dimensions
34-6 Gear Strength
34-7 Design of Mountings
34-8 Computer-Aided Design

McPherson Struts and Strut Damper

Toyota MacPherson strut front suspension

Analogical Reasoning

Analogy as Structure Mapping.

Analogical Reasoning : A Core of Cognition

Electrons are the planets of the atom.

Source (Knowledge) → Target (Unknown)

Analogies have always been considered a central part of human intelligence and cognition. This survey offers an overview of analogical reasoning and its applications, showing that analogies are an important element of various cognitive abilities like memory access, adaptation, learning, reasoning, and creativity. Therefore, analogies can provide a basis for integrated large-scale cognitive systems.

Analogies and Metaphors in Creative Design

In our increasingly flat and connected world, skills in innovation and creative design have
emerged as key attributes for graduating engineering designers. Metaphors and analogies are
commonly voiced as key tools for enhancing creative design yet little research has been
performed on their relation to each other and their use within the design process.

GRE - Analogies

Rocky Mountain Range.

Have you wondered why GRE (Graduate Record Examination) General Test can apply
most of graduates in U.S universities ?

Whether it takes a few sentences or an entire essay to develop an analogy,  we should be careful not to push it too far. As we've seen,  just because two subjects have one or two points in common doesn't mean  that they are the same in other respects as well.

Argument (1) - Preview

Bush compares Iraq, terror wars to World War II

Argument (2) - Find Fallacy

Logical Fallacy.

1.Non-Causal Relationship
2.The Fallacy of Analogy and Comparison
3.Concerning Data, Statistics or Appeal to Authority
4.Sufficient Evidence and Necessary Condition
5.Composition and Division
6.Assuming all things unchanged.
7.False Dilemma
8.Ad Hominem, Straw Argument

Capitalism Success, Criss Reform

The contents provided by Yale University Open Course.

Propeller

AH-64

Argument (3) - Example

In this contradictable world, we need to tell what is the right thing to do.
Analogy skill would play an important tool to assess the value of the material,
the expert always likes to use it to convince us to believe something.

35 - Helical Gears

35-1 Introduction
35-2 Types
35-3 Advantages
35-4 Geometry
35-5 Load Rating

Rear Axle Trailing Arm Suspension

Honda CR-Z. H-shaped Torsion Beam Rear Suspension.

6 - Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys

Production, General Properties, and Applications

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
6.3 Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys
6.4 Copper and Copper Alloys
6.5 Nickle and Nickle Alloys
6.6 Superalloys
6.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
6.8 Refractory Metals and Alloys
6.9 Beryllium
6.10 Zirconium
6.11 Low-melting Alloys
6.12 Precious Metals
6.13 Shape-Memory Alloys
6.14 Amorphous Alloys
6.15 Nano-materials

Argument (4) - Example

Example Collection

Issue - GRE

1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Agree with concession
4. Disagree with concession
5. Eclectic

Issue Example

Official Example

36 - Worm Gearing

36-1 Introduction
36-2 Kinematics
36-3 Velocity and Friction
36-4 Force Analysis
36-5 Strength and Power Rating
36-6 Heat Dissipation
36-7 Design Standard
36-8 Double-Enveloping Gear Sets

7- Polymers

Structure, General Properties, and Applications

7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Structure of Polymers
7.3 Thermoplastics
7.4 Thermosetting Plastics
7.5 Additives in Plastics
7.6 General Properties and Applications of Thermoplastics
7.7 General Properties and Applications of Thermosetting Plastics
7.8 Biodegradable Plastics
7.9 Elastomers (Rubbers)

Semi Trailing Arm - Rear Axles

37 - Shafts

37-1 Introduction
37-2 Distortion due to Bending
37-3 Distortion due to Transverse Shear
37-4 Distortion due to Torsion
37-5 Shaft Materials
37-6 Loading-Induced Stresses
37-8 Critical Speeds
37-9 Hollow Shafts

8 - Ceramic, Graphite, Diamond

Structure, General Properties, and Applications

8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Structure of Ceramics
8.3 General Properties and Applications of Ceramics
8.4 Glasses
8.5 Glass Ceramics
8.6 Graphite
8.7 Diamond

Multi - Link Suspension

Multi-link suspension on the 2010 Mercedes-Benz E- Class

Armor Piercing Projectile

Limited Slip Differential

Jeep Grand Cherokee. Without Limited Slip Differential, it is notoriously difficult to maneuver
the Jeep to climb the rock like this. The following document is about the Jeep four-wheel drive system  Quadra Drive II (Pump and Clutch-Pack Speed Sensitive LSD).

Chobham Armor

9 - Composites Materials

Structure, General Properties, and Applications

9.1 Introdduction
9.2 The Structures of Reinforced Plastics
9.3 Properties of Reinforced Plastics
9.4 Applications of Reinforced Platics
9.5 Metal-Matrix Composites
9.6 Ceramic-Matrix Composites
9.7 Other Composites

Hydroforming Rail

All-aluminum spaceframe engineered by Dana Corporation.
Hydroforing is considered as one of potential technologies to reduce weight. Basically,
there are 2 main hydroforming methods : Tube Hydroforming and Sheet Hydroforming.

38 - Vibration and Control of Vibration

38-1 Introduction
38-2 Single Degree-of-Freedom Systems
38-3 systems with Several Degrees of Freedom
38-4 Vibration Isolation

1.3.1 Rigid Axle

2010 Dodge Ram 1500.

Limited Slip Differential Clutch

Carbonetic Rear 1.5 Way Metal LSD

Part 2 : Metal Casting Processes and Equipment

39 - A Thesaurus of Mechanisms

..

1.3.2 Semi Rigid Crank Axle

Twist Beam Suspension of the VW Golf IV (1997), VW Bora (1999) and Audi A3 (1996).

Ceramic Carbon Brake Disc

Capricorn Forged Piston

Lamborghini - Alcoa Forged Wheel

Derringer

Palm Pistol, Pocket Pistol.
The pictures captured from " Tiny Weapon - Modern Marvels ".

M270 MLRS

M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)

Honeywell RQ-16 T-Hawk

Micro Air Vehicle UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
Powered by Two Cylinder 60cc RCV Engine

Javelin Missile

Tow Missile

 

AT4