Foreword :
MRAP vehicles are providing a significant increase in force protection and enhancing the
confidence of Warfighters engaging the enemy. I tried to write my own condensed contents of this book.
Chapter 1
Program overview
The mine-resistant ambush protected (MRAP) is not a new light tactical wheeled vehicle;
an interim replacement for the high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV)
fleet; or bridge to the joint light tactical vehicle, which is intended to eventually replace
the HMMWV. Its mission role is similar to the Stryker in many respects. It will provide small units
conducting typical counterinsurgency missions with protected mobility and mounted firepower.
Typical mission are the following :
Cordon and search
Raids
Mounted combat patrol
Traffic control points
Convoy security
Escort
Medical evacuation
Protected personnel transport
Chapter 2
Vehicle Description
1. Designed from the ground up to reduce casualties and increase crew and passengers
survivability as a result of mine explosions, improvised explosive device (IED) detonations,
and small-arm fire.
2. Armored vehicles with blast-resistant body design, (characterized by a V-shaped hull,
integrate armor, raised chassis, and blow-off wheels.)
Blast forces are deflected away from the crew by the vehicle's V-shaped hull.
Like the hull of a ship.
Like the hull of a ship.
3. Can operate on all terrain and in all weather.
4. Troop capacity includes a driver and up to 9 combat equipped-soldiers.
5. Armament may include an M2 50-caliber heavy machine gun, MK-19 automatic grenade
launcher, or M240 medium machine gun.
6. Accessories may include objective gunner protection kit, driver vision enhancer, jammer and
AN/VRC 92 dual long-range radio system, Blue Force Tracker, and a warrior aid and litter kit.
7. Can operate in extreme temperatures (-25 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit)
8. Can operate excess of 300 miles without refueling.
9. Air transportable by C-17 Globemaster.
10. Can cross water obstacles up to 36 inches deep.
11. Can negotiate up to a 60 percent grade and 30 percent side slope.
12. Equipped with run-flat tires, anti-lock brakes, and a fire-suppression system.
Chapter 3
Mission Equipment Packages
The following depicts the planned mission equipment packages employed on mine-resistanT
ambush-protected vehicles.
MRAP vehicles are delivered for fielding with the following installed :
1. Objective gunner protection kit
2. Driver's vision enhancer
3.Duke, Chameleon, or counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device (RCIED)
electronic warfare (CREW) vehicle receiver/jammer (CVRJ) counter iED jammer
4. Radio system
5. Blue force tracker
6. Intercom system
7. Warrior kit and litter kit
8. Spotlights
9. Rhino II
10 Medical mission package (ambulance)
11. Long-Range Advanced Scout Surveillance System
12. Remote Weapon Station
13. Fire support mission packages (selected vehicles)
Chapter 4
Configuration/Mission Crosswalk
Charleston, S.C.
Chapter 5
Operating Speed
Mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles have relative quick acceleration and a high top speed
for vehicles of their weight and size. Its dash speed will permit rapid movement between
covered and concealed positions or breaking contact.
1. Driving at high speed does not increase safety or security during combat logistic patrols or
other mounted combat operations.
2. Traveling at high speeds (anything greater than 25 miles per hours mph) significantly
decreases the ability to accurately visually scan the road.
3. MRAP vehicles are generally very tall with a high center gravity which greatly increases
the chance of a roll or tip over.
Chapter 6
Capabilities and Limitations
1. Situational Awareness
Inherent with enclosed armored vehicles is the loss of some degree of crew visibility
immediately around the vehicle.
immediately around the vehicle.
2. Exiting and Entering vehicles
casualties are difficult due to the steps and back hatch.
Chapter 7
Employment Consideration
Protection Mechanisms
1. The initial layer is designed to prevent explosive and projectile penetration and consist of the
geometry shape of the body to deflect the blast combined with opaque and transparent
ballistic armor to prevent hull penetration. The elevated body combines with the shape to
provide the occupants with stand-off from the blast.
2. The second layer mitigates when the first layer is over-matched and consist of fire
suppression mechanisms to quickly extinguish fires and prevent secondary explosion.
3. The third layer minimizes the effects of shock and blast on occupants and consist of
shock-absorbing seats that limit the transfer of energy to the body and seats restraints that
keep occupants secured in the vehicle.
4. A final layer of protection is provided by the individual Soldier and consist of personal
protective equipment such as helmet, body armor, eye protection ...
Chapter 8
Tactical Manning
Chapter 9
Load Plans
Diagram
Can, water, 5 gallon
1. Chock block
2. Triangle set
3. Tow cable, tow strap
4. xx...
5. Jack, bottle, 20 ton
6. Litter folding
No tie-down points are provided inside or outside the storage boxes to secure them.
Chapter 10
Individual Protective Measures
Individual protective measures enhance one's chance of surviving an encounter with an
improvised explosive device (IED) regardless of the type of the vehicle. These universal
survivability measures can make the difference between being carried away or walking away
from an IED encounter.
They are too hard to put on...
Adjust equipment on upper chest to allow seat-belt t rest on outer surface of the body armor.But I need to get out the vehicle quickly to fight, or I don't want to be trapped in the vehicle.
You can't fight when you are unconscious or dead. Being conscious after the blast offers you
your best chance of extricating yourself from a burning or sinking vehicle.
Chapter 11
Casualties Evacuation Procedures
slip over...
Chapter 12
Recovery and Towing Operations and Damage Reporting
stuck or when it has a mechanism failure
Recovery Basics
Recovery is retrieving (freeing) immobile, inoperative, or abandoned equipment from its current
position and returning it to a maintenance site for repair. Theses actions typically involve towing,
lifting, or winching. Towing is usually limited to moving equipment to the nearest forward
operating base.
Levels of Recovery
1.Self-recovery
Self-recovery actions require using only the equipment's assets. Self-recovery starts at the
location where the equipment become mired and disabled.
2.Like-recovery
Like-recovery action involve assistance (tow bar only) from a second. The principle is to use
another piece of equipment of the same weight class or heavier to extract or tow the mired
equipment by using tow bars, chains, or tow cables.
Heavy duty-towbar
Procedures : the following are general rules for towing.
a. Move tow loads at slow speed.
b. Use a tow bar in preference to chains, cables, ropes. Tow bars keep the towed vehicle from
running into the towing vehicle.
c. Proceed slowly at 5 to 10 mph because the towed vehicle may skid on turns at high speeds.
d. When using a tow bar, connect a safety chain between two vehicles in case the bar breaks or
becomes disconnect.
3. Dedicated-recovery
Heavy expanded mobility tactical truck wrecker lift towing 6x6 vehicle.
Front lift tow
Necessary Precaution During Battlefield Vehicle Crew Rescue, Recovery,
and Forensic Collections Effort
Military vehicles are composed of advanced composite materials such as graphite, epoxies,
plastics, Kevlar, wire insulation, and fiberglass. When a fire occurs during an accident or
combat, fragmented composites, long-chain hydrocarbons, burned organic materials, and
gases are generated.
The figure above shows a multilayer " sandwich " with the glass facing outside and the ploy
as the inner surface. As the projectile proceeds, the different layers act like a catcher's mitt
1. Glass with ceramic frit : This is the outer sheet of glass that looks very much like the
original equipment glass in both shape and size.
2. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
3. Glass : Second sheet of glass.
4. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
5. Glass : Third sheet of glass.
6. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
7. Glass : Fourth and the last sheet of glass. It is cut smaller and forms the channels that will
interlock with a similar mating hard armor frame surrounding the door.
8. Polyurethane : This is the adhesive inner layer between glass and polyurethane, which acts
as an anti-spall shield.
9. Polycarbonate with abrasive resistant coating : The polycarbonate acts as an anti-spall
shield.
Use the thickest chains possible.
Tow straps are NOT recommended.
Move all personnel to a safe distance away before apply tension to chains or winch cables.Recovery is retrieving (freeing) immobile, inoperative, or abandoned equipment from its current
position and returning it to a maintenance site for repair. Theses actions typically involve towing,
lifting, or winching. Towing is usually limited to moving equipment to the nearest forward
operating base.
Levels of Recovery
1.Self-recovery
Self-recovery actions require using only the equipment's assets. Self-recovery starts at the
location where the equipment become mired and disabled.
2.Like-recovery
Like-recovery action involve assistance (tow bar only) from a second. The principle is to use
another piece of equipment of the same weight class or heavier to extract or tow the mired
equipment by using tow bars, chains, or tow cables.
Procedures : the following are general rules for towing.
a. Move tow loads at slow speed.
b. Use a tow bar in preference to chains, cables, ropes. Tow bars keep the towed vehicle from
running into the towing vehicle.
c. Proceed slowly at 5 to 10 mph because the towed vehicle may skid on turns at high speeds.
d. When using a tow bar, connect a safety chain between two vehicles in case the bar breaks or
becomes disconnect.
3. Dedicated-recovery
Necessary Precaution During Battlefield Vehicle Crew Rescue, Recovery,
and Forensic Collections Effort
Military vehicles are composed of advanced composite materials such as graphite, epoxies,
plastics, Kevlar, wire insulation, and fiberglass. When a fire occurs during an accident or
combat, fragmented composites, long-chain hydrocarbons, burned organic materials, and
gases are generated.
The figure above shows a multilayer " sandwich " with the glass facing outside and the ploy
as the inner surface. As the projectile proceeds, the different layers act like a catcher's mitt
in slowing down the round and then physically catching catching it in one of the layers.
1. Glass with ceramic frit : This is the outer sheet of glass that looks very much like the
original equipment glass in both shape and size.
2. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
3. Glass : Second sheet of glass.
4. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
5. Glass : Third sheet of glass.
6. PVB : This is the adhesive inner layer between sheets of glass.
7. Glass : Fourth and the last sheet of glass. It is cut smaller and forms the channels that will
interlock with a similar mating hard armor frame surrounding the door.
8. Polyurethane : This is the adhesive inner layer between glass and polyurethane, which acts
as an anti-spall shield.
9. Polycarbonate with abrasive resistant coating : The polycarbonate acts as an anti-spall
shield.
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