Preface :
We are pioneers and trailblazers. We fight for freedom. We transform out dreams into the
truth. Our struggles will become a nation.
In Great Seal, we can the support of the shield is a bald eagle with its wings outstretched.
A strong desire for peace, but will always be ready for war. From Wikipedia.
Axiom : No powerful weapons, No peace.
I always think that " Aircraft Carrier " is the extension of the state.
The TV program : America The Story of Us.
Us : It should be the pun that means US and us.
I personally thought it is the useful material for me to understand the history.
This program divided the contents into 12 episodes.
1.Rebel 2.Revolution 3.Westward 4.Division 5.Civil War 6.Heartland 7.Cities 8.Boom
9.Bust 10.World War II 11. Superpower 12. Millennium
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.Rebels
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Adventures sail across an ocean to start a new life. A nation is born. But in search of freedom,
friends become foes and these new Americans will wage a war against the largest military
power in the world.Shiploads of businessmen and true believers are crossing the Atlantic Ocean to create a new world. North America is the ultimate land of opportunity. A continent of vast untapped wealth.
** This words made me think about Eagles " The Last Resort ". The first paragraph of lyrics told me... She came from providence, the one in Rhode Island. Where the old world shadows hang heavy in the air. She packed her hopes and dreams like a refugee. Just as her father came across the sea.
** Her father : (British --> America) = She : (Rhode Island --> Westward)
The power of analogies. Reveal GRE analogies section test.
The Starvation Time
The English arrive unprepared the new world and unwilling to perform manual labor. They bought
chemical tests for gold that they never found. But, " John Rolfe " didn't come to plunder and leave like the others. There's money in tobacco, and England is addicted.He's arrived with a supply South American tobacco seeds, but growing it is limited to the Spanish colonies. The Spanish control the worldwide trade. Selling tobacco seeds to foreigners is punishable by death. And in the warm, humid climate and fertile soil around the Chesapeake Bay, the tobacco crop flourishes.
** What kind of status and education of settlers who came to North America ?? Like John
Rolfe...
** From John Rolfe, individual and risk are the important factors to make the difference.
From a living hell, Jamestown is America's first boom-town.America is found on tobacco. It's the continent's larges export.
** How did John Rolfe bring tobacco seeds to North America ??
**Why didn't Spanish colonies find the trade of tobacco and intervene ??
Ten years after Rolfe arrives in Jamestown, another group of English settlers lands in
North America. They come ashore on a deserted beach and called the place " Plymouth ", after
English port they sailed from. These are a different breed of settler, a group of religious dissents
with faith at the center of their lives. Seeking religious freedom in the new world.
By April 1621.
Their settlement is taking shape. The Mayflower returns to England. The Pilgrims are on their own in an unknown land.
** What kind of status and education are settlers who take Mayflower to North America ??
** Why did Mayflower leave the Pilgrims alone ?? Conflict of interest...
In the middle of a mini ice age, temperatures 2 degrees colder than today. Winters are longer,
growing seasons are shorter. The soil is poor. Food supplies run low.
The Pokanoket people didn't need enemies. They make peace with the Pilgrims. They teach the
English how to grow crop in sandy soil, using fishes for fertilizer. But they want something in return.
They have a common enemy, a rival tribe. And the English have the powerful weapons. The
English are not the soldiers, but they have to fight to survive. The primitive and English collaborated to fight the rival tribe that made them find a common ground and a chance to survive.
Two unlikely allies. A partnership all too rare in North America. we have found Indians very faithful in their covenant of peace with us. They are people without any religion or knowledge of any God. Their victory brings a period of peace to the colony. Their friendship is celebrated in a feast. In time, it will become known as " Thanksgiving ".
Rolling in a dice.
A more and more people cross the Atlantic ocean, tens of thousands. Different backgrounds and reasons for being here.
America become the place for everybody from everywhere. Come to together to create 13 colonies.
The Dutch bring commerce to the small island at the mouth of the Hudson River. New York.
Many still think of themselves as British, but each generation grows further from its roots.
** What kind of status and education are immigrants who come to North America ??
May 9, 1768.
Seven generations after John Rolfe's first tobacco harvest, the British want a bigger
piece of the action. A British official springs a surprise raid on the Liberty. The Liberty carries 100 casks of imported wine and don't want to pay duty. it's a radical act of rebellion against taxes imposed by a king 3,000 miles away. To the British, they are just common smugglers. This small skirmish changes everything. The British seize the Liberty triggering the riots that sweep through Boston.
** Class Struggle.
The king sends 4,000 redcoats to Boston to enforce his laws. British soldiers clamp down on Boston, a port crucial to the British Empire and the hub of global trade and commerce. In Boston, there is one redcoat for every four citizens. it's the city under occupation. Nearly 40% of everything exported from Britain, makes its way to America. Taxed by the British after every exchange.
In Africa, rum is the currency used to purchase the most profitable cargo of all. African slaves.
Between 1700 ~ 1800, more than 1/4 million Africans are brought to the American colonies. More slaves than all those who came of their own free will. most wind up on large plantation in the South. But they are also critical to the economy of the North. Boston is melting pot, and tension is escalating.
March 5, 1770.
An angry mob roams the streets. Hundreds of men who lost their jobs and blame the
British gather on the king street. What's about to happen will change America forever.
This is how wars wage. How Boston reacts will change the course of history. Silver smith and political radical " Paul Revere " captures the moment British soldiers kill five colonists. his engraving will fuel the fires of revolution as outrage spreads across the 13 colonies. the most formidable army in the world, firing on an unarmed crowd known as" Boston Massacre ".
" Benjamin Franklin " established the revolution system. Night riders can cut the deliver time in half. The communication network connecting the colonies is one the best in the world. And the British have no idea. It's a very American spirit of the idea, everybody have to access to knowledge.
December 1773.
The Boston Gazette breaks another story, that will fan the flames of rebellion. The British repeal
all taxes, except on tea. It is not enough. In one of the most famous acts of resistance in
American history. Rebel dumped over 1 million worth tea in Boston Harbor. The British responded by shutting down Boston Harbor. " Boston Tea party "
September 5, 1774.
Incensed at the British actions, 56 delegates from across the colonies gather at
" First Continental Congress " in Philadelphia. it's the first step on the road to American
Democracy.
A gentleman landowner from Virginia named " George Washington " .
At a time when our lordly masters in Great Britain will be satisfied with nothing less than the
deprivation of American Freedom. It seems highly necessary that something should be done
to maintain liberty.
April 19, 1775. After midnight, 900 redcoats leave their barracks in Boston for Lexington and
Concord. Their orders : Arrest the rebel leader and seize their weapons.
Sunrise, in Lexington.
On one side 60 men, poorly armed and barely trained. On the other, hundreds of the most powerful
army in the world. For these Rebels, the fight is for nothing less than freedom itself.
8 patriots are dead, 10 are wounded. The American Revolution has begun.
In Concord, the Rebels have hidden almost ammunition.
Seven generations after the first settlers left England, in search of prosperity and freedom,
their descendants will have to fight for these rights. Standing in their way is the might of the
world's greatest military superpower. And they are not about to give up their colonies lightly.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2.Revolution
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A ragtag bunch of rebels faces the greatest military superpower of the day. This is the secret
history how they did. Daring.
New York city will soon become the battle ground for the biggest land invasion in American history. total independence from Britain. The penalty is death. Some don't believe the Rebels stand a chance. We are about to brave the storm in a skiff made of paper. But the doubters are
outnumbered nearly five to one.
July 4, 1776.
The delegates ratify the document that change the world.
" The Declaration of Independence "
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights. That among
these are " Life ", " Liberty ", and the pursuit of Happiness.
As Reed looked down and see the prodigious fleet they have collected, I can not help being
astonished that a people should come 3,000 miles at such risk, trouble and expense to rob
, plunder, and destroy another people because they would not lay their lives and fortune at
their feet.
The Rebels firstly eradicated the scout of the British armies that let them know a few of the
terrain. And then, the Rebels break the rule of 18th-century warfare and start targeting
British officers.The plan, leave the foot soldiers leaderless. the tactic of assassinating officers
appalls the British.
** Make the difference, forget about all of the heck rules. No more burdensome boundaries.
The Rebels : The British = Vietnam : U.S Army = People Liberation's Army : KMT Army
The British beat by the environment (a lot of trees and unfamiliar terrain ) is similar with
the forest of Vietnam.
** Mao Zedong described the army of Chiang Kai-shek is like the colossal glass tank.
All Mao have to do is to throw the stone to the glass tank day by day, creating the subtle
crack that finally made the glass tank break out.
Now, Washington faces the greatest challenge as leader. Desolate winter.
The spies of the Rebels use invisible ink. A advanced formula unknown to the British.
The ink is made from garlic acid. It can only be reveal by brushing the paper in liquid iron sulfate.
Washington moves troops towards New York, threatening the city, forcing the British fleet to stay
in New York Harbor.
July 1781.
A French fleet has been sighted off the Rode Island.
The rumor leaks out the British plan to send warships from New York for a surprise raid.
The French fleet sails out the danger. It will play the critical role in the next stage of the war.
Washington is ready for the final showdown.
** French Aircraft Carrier Charles de Gaulle (V.S) British HMS Illustrious.
HY-80, HY-100, HY-130. Super structural steel.
Can French or Russia produce HY-130 ??
October 1787.
Six years into the war the British thought would last six months. The American Revolution comes to a head at Yorktown, Virginia.
With sharpshooters, training, discipline, new weapons. This is Washington's chance to end the war with one decisive blow.
The British surrender and begin negotiations for peace. For the past six years, leadership,
training, weapons and intelligence had been vital.
The Rebels have achieved the impossible. The United States is the only country to win independence from the British in war.
April 30, 1789.
Washington is inaugurated first president of the United States of America under the new constitution.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3.Westward
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A new country head west, the American wilderness. The pioneers forge the American character.
A colony will become a continent. A nation of adventurers and explorers. The land is also brutal
wilderness. Conquering it requires extraordinary people.
** From the above picture, I subtly understand the song " Hotel California ".
On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair...
March 1775.
The Boone's journey into the western wilderness is also a journey into the American Soul.
The frontier is crucible, where American will define itself and forge its true character.
Survival conjures from the land.
We are exposed daily to peril and death amongst savages and wild beast. But nature satisfied
all we need. The primitive will defend the wilderness at all cost. Land hungers become a fever.
1803. 27 years after independence, the single biggest real estate deal in history.
President Tomas Jefferson buys the Louisiana territory from Napoleon.
They owe their survival to a 16 years old Native American girl. Sacagawea.
Danger is always everywhere. Sometimes, the hunter becomes the hunted. Grizzly Bear !!
Frontier grit, rugged individualism, survival.
The trails Daniel Boone forges become settler path, wagon trains, roads, and Interstate 15.
May, 1846.
Thousands of men, women and children. Riding, walking, pushing. They're heading for a new life
2,000 miles away. One of the world's great mass migration begins. American will finally define
themselves. The people want an already good life to get better. Families sold farms save for
five years to join the exodus.
The Sierra Nevada.
" George Donner " made a fatal decision, leading a splinter group off from the main party.
They are trapped in the mountain with deep snow. No enough clothes to wear and food to eat.
The pass is renamed " Donner Pass ". Today, it is the Lincoln Highway.
** The scene made me think about " WWII ". German invaded Soviet Union. The German faced
the same scenario. Always respect the Nature !!
March, 1836.
Texas becomes the debate state. A turning point. American will wage wars to go West.
Texas is won. California fought and bought. The same month California becomes American,
it becomes the nation's greatest prize. In the fault zone beneath the Sierra Nevada, cooling and
pressure create the quartz.
Gold Rush
Take yourself, go out and try and make a success of it. Hand panning is replaced by lines of sluice boxes. Prospectors cut off by the rain in the foothills starved to death. S the gold field are picked clean, tension rise. After 5 years, the gold rush is over.
Of 300,000 who rush to find gold, less than one out of 100 struck it rich. But fortunes were made
by the merchants and landowners who supplied the miners.
But from adversity comes strength. This settler's name is " Abraham Lincoln ".
Trail of Tears
It's a shameful act of American history.
The steamboat navigated on the Mississippi river. Even upstream the steamboat can travel 50 miles per day. But they are deadly. Over half the early models exploded, maiming and killing hundreds. They made the Midwest America's economic powerhouse.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4.Division
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The economy is booming. Cotton in the South. Industry in the North. But the new nation is divided.
1825.
The modern era is being born. It's the industrial revolution. America is racing to catch up.
The " Erie Canal " is the biggest construction project in the Western world in the last 4,000 years. Dug entirely by hands, and America lacks a single qualified engineer. Finally, the Erie Canal made New York city become the capital.
Hundreds of miles to the South. Cotton creates another economic boom. But the cotton eventually tear the nation apart. Cotton is native tropical regions, making the Southern states of US a perfect breeding ground. But process the fiber before it can spun into the cloth is " Labor-Itensive ". Especially, separating the seeds. For years , it can only done by hands.
The " Cotton Gin "
It changed everything. It automates the processes and deeply divided the country.
The concept of " Mass Production " using a machine. One man can process 50 times more cotton. Output skyrockets all over the South.
** Why did the " Cotton Gin " deeply divide country ??
** Eli Whitney. Interchangeable Parts, Cotton Gin.
Extravagant mansions increasing in the South. The South is thriving on the backs humans owning other humans. It's called slavery. The industrial North is profiting from Southern cotton, but turn a blind eye to slavery. With the cotton explosion, slavery becomes the critical to the Southern economy.
James Meigs:
People don't really realize this, but slavery was actually on the decline in the South, prior to the
invention of the cotton gin. But then once the cotton gin made it so practical to grow cotton.
All of sudden, every farmer in the South wanted to plant as much cotton as possible.
** Communist Manifesto : Bourgeois and Proletarian
In a word : oppressor and Oppressed.
Oliver Twist & Les Miserables.
Technology developed here lead straight to " Silicon Valley ".
Looms pioneer punch cards to produce patterned fabric. Each holes in the card tells the loom to use a different-colored thread, a yes-no decision. It's Binary Code.
October, 1836.
Women from the Lowell Mills gather after work and organize. Their protest against wage cuts s one
of the first strikes in US history.
" Harriet Robinson " will be a leading suffragette and testify before Congress.
" First Wave Feminism " that results in women getting the vote.
" Whale Oil " opened up the night.
"Crude Oil " would be discovery 20 years later. Until then, America runs on whale oils.
Whaling Industry. Here, a colored man is only known and looked upon as a man and is promoted in rank according to his ability and skill. " Social Mobility "
" Frederick Douglass "
He is the leading figure in the anti-slavery movement.
" Underground Railroad "
The legendary railroad helped Africa-American escape from the South.
" Harriet Tubman "
Tubman would do anything to avoid capture, even keeping the baby quiet with opium.
Midway through the 19th century, America is entering the modern world.
In 20 years, " Levis' Jeans ", " Chewing Gun ", " Hot Dogs ".
September, 1850.
" The Fugitive Slavery Law " brings the brutality of the South to the North.
Ordinary people are outraged by the new law. Abolitionist newspapers and literature spread
like wildfire. " Uncle Tom's Cabin "
October, 1859.
John Brown launched the fight into the heart of the South.
But, finally his crusade is over. The arsenal was still intact.
May 18, 1860 Chicago.
" Lincoln " grabbed the new Republican party's nomination for president.
The South rebels convinced he'll abolish slavery. They threaten to leave the union.
The battle line are drawn. The North is behind Lincoln.
December 20, 1860
South Carolina secedes from the Union.
February 1861.
A few weeks before his inauguration, the Confederate States of America were born.
Lincoln had to save the Union and deal with slavery.
The South
The North
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5.Civil War
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
" Gatling Machine Gun "
It becomes the legendary ultimate weapon and formidable. How lethal it is !!
This episode will reveal why the " Gatling Machine Gun " was invented.
The North against the South. Brother against brother. Victory would take far more than brute
firepower on the battlefield. Technologies, communication, logistics. It's what happens behind the front line.
1862.
The Civil War is at its height. A new kind of bullet has brought the war to the terrible deadlock bringing death on scale never previously seen in warfare. Molten lead is beginning its journey, becoming a lethal instrument of destruction. The bullet known as the " Minie Ball ".
Groove on the inside of the barrel, rifle.Spin the ball towards to the target. The result of a direct hit is death. Across the battle field the result are carnage. blood and death are previously unseen scales.
For the first, America's growing postal service means soldiers can write to theirs loved one from the front. Fueling this carnage lies the deep political animosity.
The South has determined to defend its independence and the system of slavery.
The North would not allow it to leave the Union of States. Victory will come to the last man standing.
Now, Lincoln's victory at the ballot box threat the South traditional way of life, the slavery it is built on. Lincoln is fighting totally a new kind of war. The railroad is one of the Lincoln's weapon. The speed of troop deployment.
The 24,000 miles of the railroad tracks in the North. (Government Control)
The 9,000 miles of the railroad tracks in the South. (Private Control)
The inability to coordinate rail supplies will prove disaster for the South. In 1863, poor rain links mean the Southern troops Virginia starve.
Lincoln realized that victory depends on mobilizing the entire industries of the North behind the war effect. While the number of patents doubles in the course of the war. manufacturing, technologies, infrastructure.
** Is war the mother of the invention ?? Is the invention the mother of war ??
The small house will become Lincoln's center nerve. " Telegraph Room "
Communications is almost instantaneous.
The carnage will trigger a revolution in battlefield medicine. If the bullet doesn't kill you, then
the infection can.
** That's why the Gatling Machine Gun was invented. Hope one man can do as much duty
as 100 soldiers.
Looking after the well-being of soldiers becomes as central to the war effort as the supply of
guns and ammunition.
" Clara Barton " . She insists the injured have the ready supply of clean bandages.
First aid, the sorting of the wounded with the most serious cases first.
** The movie " Pearl Harbor " that described this process played the important role.
Photograph. Correspondents.
This deluge of information about the war ensures the grim reality of the conflict is seared into
public consciousness.
" Embalming " . Chemicals like arsenic and zinc chloride are injected into the corpse to hold
the natural process of decay. Airtight coffins and embalming are most popular.
September 1862.
Lincoln gave the South an ultimatum-rejoin the Union.
January 1, 1863.
Lincoln issues the proclamation abolishing slavery in the rebellious South states.
" The Emancipation Proclamation " changes the dynamics of the war.
1863.
The single most famous piece of political rhetoric in history.
" Gettysburg Address "
Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought upon this nation, conceived in
liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
...
...
...
That we here highly resolve that these death shall not have died in vain. That this
nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the
people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from this earth.
" William Sherman " ... M4 Sherman.
His order: To stop for nothing.
" The march to The Sea " is equivalent to " Shock and Awe "
The nation is once again united. And out of that unity now goes industrializes economy that
will reach right across the whole continent.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
6.Heartland
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Civil War is over. Survivors head out across the frontier. A vast wilderness separates East and West. Tame the Wild West.
1865.
The Great Plains. President Lincoln green-lights a transcontinental railroad.
May 10th, 1869.
The railroad is finished.
The transcontinental railroad changed everything it touched. Triggering a mass migration to
the Great Plains.
10% of United States will be given away under the " Homestead Act ". Nebraska
Tornado and Locusts threat the Great Plains.
1874.
Locusts devour half of the crops in the West. " Agricultural Armageddon " The wrath of God.
1892.
Half the population of western Nebraska goes west. But those who stick it out get lucky.
The Great Plains becomes the warehouse of cereal.
Green Gold
Log Jams
Remove the right logs, and the rest will explode downstream.
The railroad feeds lumber into the West's construction boom.
The railroad brings a new kind of hunter to the Great Plains. Driven by profit, fresh from
the carnage of the Civil War.
Buffalo Hunter
The Civil War veteran had nothing to look forward to in civilization.
** " First Blood " John Rambo.
If you can kill them, what they brought was yours. Walking gold pieces.
Hunters harvest the buffalo for its hide. he aims for the lungs. A clean kill drops a buffalo without
disturbing the herd.
The primary resource keeping native Americans alive is gone.
From America, this is process, a natural resource.
From Indian's perspective, they couldn't understand what the white people were doing.
The Plain Indians depend on the buffalo and worship them. The buffalo were our strength from
whence we came and whose breast we suck as babies all our lives. So they waste none of their kill. Sinews become the bow strings. Bones are cups and spoons. Skin is clothing, tapees, and coffins.
The modern horse isn't native to North America.
" Spanish conquistadors brought them from Europe in 1493 ". Some escape to the Great Plains.
In 1889.
Just 85 wild buffalo exist in the whole United States.
1868.
Crossing Kansas. But the railroad hasn't reached Texas.
Cowboys.
After the Civil War, 60% of the South's population lives in rural poverty.
Drive cattle to Kansas. Standing in their way, unforgiving terrain and gangs of rustlers.
Prancing Horse
Cowboys must be skilled horsemen and cattle wranglers.
The lasso dated back to the ancient Egyptians. Cattle brought over by the Spanish in 1493
had bred with settlers' cows from England breeding a new breed, the Texas Longhorn.
After centuries roaming the plains, they are wild and easily spooked.
" Teddy Blue " hears what cowboys dread. Stampede.
One out of three cowboys is Hispanic or African-American. After the Civil War, thousands of
freed slaves head to Texas looking for work.
Colt 45
Frontier men would say: Lincoln may have freed all men, but Sam Colt made them equal.
Barbed Wire
It would threat the cowboy's entire way of life. " Cattle rancher versus homesteader "
Homesteader would plant the crop next to the trail, as the cattle got into their wheat.
They come out and wave their shotguns yelling for damages.
The invention of the barbed wire carving the Plains into countless ranches and farms and
blocking the cattle trails. The open range is closed forever.
On a reconnaissance mission with the 7th cavalry, Lieutenant " Colonel George Custer "
stumbles across the Sioux camp. And then he attacked the camp. Within three hours,
all men of the regiment are dead. The Sioux win the battle, but lost the war.
In response, US soldiers force 3,000 Sioux warriors on to reservations.
" Wounded Knee Massacre " is great scar on the American landscape.
December 29th, 1890.
November 18th, 1883.
Four time zones established. Standard time is born.
" Richard Sears " Pocket watches.
He sells all his packet watches. Realizing he can use the railroad to sell and distribute.
" Mail-Order Catalog "
** Mail-order Catalog : Railroad ?? Online Shopping : Internet (GRE Analogies)
I think this logic is wrong. Because Internet can not deliver all of goods, you just can buy
music, movies or magazines... Order goods on the Internet, you still needthe transportation to
deliver.
Resource from the Midwest feed the country's growing industries in the East.
The United States overtakes Britain as the largest manufacturer on the earth.
Soon producing 30% of the world's goods.
To be continued...
Excerpt From : America : The Story of US
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America:_The_Story_of_Us
No comments:
Post a Comment